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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*uk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"kin, tribe face="Times New Roman Star"ðîä, ïëåìÿ face="Times New Roman Star"uq ? oq 'kin, tribe' face="Times New Roman Star"uq ? oq (MK ) 'share of inheritance' face="Times New Roman Star"uq face="Times New Roman Star"júw|x face="Times New Roman Star"uq face="Times New Roman Star"u>q (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 511, ÝÑÒß 1, 582-583, Åãîðîâ 76. The OT words are sometimes erroneously united with *ok 'arrow' (thus in EDT 76). face="Times New Roman Star"*oluk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"gutter; hollowed-out tree trunk face="Times New Roman Star"æåëîá; âûäîëáëåííûé äðåâåñíûé ñòâîë face="Times New Roman Star"oluq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"oluk face="Times New Roman Star"ulaq face="Times New Roman Star"oluq (IM , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"olaq face="Times New Roman Star"volú 'tree-trunk' face="Times New Roman Star"olyq face="Times New Roman Star"ulaq face="Times New Roman Star"oluq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 136-137, ÝÑÒß 1, 451, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 125, 131, Àøì. V, 263, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 99, 130. There also exists a similar - but originally different - form *og(u)l-, *ogluk, reflected in Chag. og|luq, Tur. dial., Gag. holluq, Chuv. valak, Yak. (Ïåê.) uoluk, uol-ba, with natural contaminations. face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)o"m face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"trousers face="Times New Roman Star"áðþêè, øòàíû face="Times New Roman Star"u"m (OUygh.) (=o"m) face="Times New Roman Star"o"m (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"im (Osm.) face="Times New Roman Star"ym (Kypch. Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ym, jym, ju"m face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.m face="Times New Roman Star"j@w|m face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 155, VEWT 520-521, Åãîðîâ 78, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 195, Ìóäðàê 119, Ëåêñèêà 478. face="Times New Roman Star"*yn|yra- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to neigh 2 to bellow, purr face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðæàòü 2 ðåâåòü, âèçæàòü, ìóðëûêàòü face="Times New Roman Star"yn|ra- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"yn|ra- face="Times New Roman Star"@n@r- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"yn|yran- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"yn|yran- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 658, Åãîðîâ 65, Ìóäðàê 73. face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"pi- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to oversew, quilt face="Times New Roman Star"ñøèâàòü ÷åðåç êðàé, ïðîñòåãèâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"ku"bi- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"go"bu"-, go"bu" 'òîëñòûé øîâ', ko"pu"- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"be- (Sib.) face="Times New Roman Star"(Kypch.) ku"bV- (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pe- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"bu"r- (Tel.) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"be- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306, ÝÑÒß 5, 111, EDT 687. face="Times New Roman Star"*yr- / *ir- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"omen face="Times New Roman Star"çíàìåíèå; ñóåâåðèå face="Times New Roman Star"iru" (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"yrym (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"yrym face="Times New Roman Star"yrym (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"irim face="Times New Roman Star"irim face="Times New Roman Star"yrym face="Times New Roman Star"rym (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"rym (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"yrym face="Times New Roman Star"yrym 'ïëîõîå ñàìî÷óâñòâèå' face="Times New Roman Star"yrym face="Times New Roman Star"yrym face="Times New Roman Star"yrym face="Times New Roman Star"yrym face="Times New Roman Star"yrym face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 197, VEWT 166, ÎÑÍß 3, 120, ÝÑÒß 1, 666. Back row in modern languages may be due to contamination with *yr-, q. v. sub *p`i>ru . face="Times New Roman Star"*i:r- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"shame, be ashamed, frighten away face="Times New Roman Star"ñòûä, ñòûäèòüñÿ, îòïóãèâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"ir-, iril- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"i:r- face="Times New Roman Star"ir@k- 'to languish, be bored' face="Times New Roman Star"j@r@n- face="Times New Roman Star"i:r- 'to rave, become crazy' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 192, VEWT 173, (incorrect in) Åãîðîâ 80. face="Times New Roman Star"*ku":se- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to wish, want, will face="Times New Roman Star"æåëàòü, õîòåòü face="Times New Roman Star"ku"se- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"se|- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"se- (AH , Qutb .) face="Times New Roman Star"kuse|- face="Times New Roman Star"ku":se- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"'ze- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"so"- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"se- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"he|- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"se- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 311-312, ÝÑÒß 5, 135. Tuva forms reflect a short *-u">-. face="Times New Roman Star"*itelgu" face="Times New Roman Star"a bird of prey face="Times New Roman Star"õèùíàÿ ïòèöà face="Times New Roman Star"o"tla"gu" face="Times New Roman Star"ita"lgu" face="Times New Roman Star"itelgi face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 175. Turk. > Kalm. itl.g|@ (KW 211). [rather < Mong.] face="Times New Roman Star"*Ke:k- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"anger, malice face="Times New Roman Star"ãíåâ, çëîáà face="Times New Roman Star"kek (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"kek (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kik face="Times New Roman Star"kek face="Times New Roman Star"ka":je- 'to hate' face="Times New Roman Star"kagúr 'chaos, hell', kagúrza vyrt- 'to die (out)', vyz/ú kagúrúl 'starve' face="Times New Roman Star"kegedi 'spiteful' face="Times New Roman Star"kek face="Times New Roman Star"kek face="Times New Roman Star"kek face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 707, VEWT 247-248, ÝÑÒß 5, 24-25. face="Times New Roman Star"*KAmug face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"all, together face="Times New Roman Star"âñå, âìåñòå face="Times New Roman Star"qamug| (OUygh.), qamag| (Orkh., OUygh.), qamyg| (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qamug| (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kamu face="Times New Roman Star"qamug| (Qutb ., Áóä. ), qamuq (Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"xamyx face="Times New Roman Star"qamyq face="Times New Roman Star"qamyq face="Times New Roman Star"xamyq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 627, ÝÑÒß 5, 243-244. Modern forms like Kirgh., Kaz. qama- 'to surround, besiege', qamala- id., 'to gather in a crowd' etc. (see ÝÑÒß 5, 159) should be rather regarded as mongolisms. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko:m face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"wave face="Times New Roman Star"âîëíà face="Times New Roman Star"qom (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qum (Houts. , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"Go:m face="Times New Roman Star"qom face="Times New Roman Star"xom face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 625, ÝÑÒß 6, 54, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 356-357. face="Times New Roman Star"*Komta face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"box face="Times New Roman Star"ÿùèê face="Times New Roman Star"qumta face="Times New Roman Star"xomdy face="Times New Roman Star"qomda face="Times New Roman Star"x|omdu face="Times New Roman Star"qumta face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 279, ÝÑÒß 6, 6. Relation to Mong. qobdu is hardly possible. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kamyc? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"scoop, ladle face="Times New Roman Star"÷åðïàê face="Times New Roman Star"qamyc? (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qamyc? (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qamyc? (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"qemic? face="Times New Roman Star"xamys face="Times New Roman Star"(Bulg.) xumz?|a (< *kamc?a(h)) face="Times New Roman Star"xamyas, xomuos face="Times New Roman Star"komuos face="Times New Roman Star"xymys? face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 626, VEWT 229, ÝÑÒß 5, 248-249, Stachowski 152. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kumyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"fermented milk face="Times New Roman Star"ìîëî÷íûé ñïèðòíîé íàïèòîê face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kymyz face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qimiz face="Times New Roman Star"qimiz face="Times New Roman Star"Gymyz face="Times New Roman Star"Gymyz face="Times New Roman Star"xymys, Sag., Koib. xumys face="Times New Roman Star"qymys face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|múw|s < Qypch. face="Times New Roman Star"kymys face="Times New Roman Star"xymys face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz face="Times New Roman Star"qomod|, qymyd| face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 629, Ëåêñèêà 450-451, ÝÑÒß 6, 219. face="Times New Roman Star"*Korum face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"rock, cliff, heap of stones face="Times New Roman Star"ñêàëà, êó÷à êàìíåé face="Times New Roman Star"qorum (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"qoram face="Times New Roman Star"xorym face="Times New Roman Star"qorum face="Times New Roman Star"qorum face="Times New Roman Star"xorum face="Times New Roman Star"qorum face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 660, VEWT 283, Ëåêñèêà 99. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrgak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"edge face="Times New Roman Star"êðàé face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|ag| (MK ) 'selvage, edge' face="Times New Roman Star"kyrak face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj face="Times New Roman Star"qyryg|, qyrag| (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|o|q face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)g|aq face="Times New Roman Star"GyraG face="Times New Roman Star"xri, xyryj, xyryg| face="Times New Roman Star"qyryg| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag| face="Times New Roman Star"x@r@ face="Times New Roman Star"kyry: face="Times New Roman Star"kyry: face="Times New Roman Star"qyry face="Times New Roman Star"qyru: face="Times New Roman Star"qyraq face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265, EDT 653, ÝÑÒß 6, 242-244, Stachowski 170. face="Times New Roman Star"*geb-re- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to become weak, fragile 2 fragile face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëàáåòü, ñòàíîâèòüñÿ õðóïêèì 2 õðóïêèé face="Times New Roman Star"kevre- 1, kevrek 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"gevre- 1, gevrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jro"k 2 (ÊÑÒÒ ) face="Times New Roman Star"kuwrak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ko"vra"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kibrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kavraj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kebire:- 1 (possibly < Mong.) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jro"- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ku"jrek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ka"wert 'a tree rotten inside' face="Times New Roman Star"gevrek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 244, 245, EDT 691, ÝÑÒß 3, 7-9. Turk. > Hung. ko?ro? 'fragile' Gombocz 1912 . face="Times New Roman Star"*Kuba / *Koba face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pale yellow, pale grey face="Times New Roman Star"æåëòîâàòûé, ñåðîâàòûé face="Times New Roman Star"quba (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"quwa, qyw (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"quw face="Times New Roman Star"qo face="Times New Roman Star"xu: face="Times New Roman Star"qo:, qu: face="Times New Roman Star"xuwa face="Times New Roman Star"qu: face="Times New Roman Star"quw face="Times New Roman Star"quw face="Times New Roman Star"quw face="Times New Roman Star"quw face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 295, EDT 581, ÝÑÒß 6, 94-96, 98-99. Turk. > Mong. quba, quwa (KW 191, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 142; Mong. quba, however, also means 'amber' and may be borrowed also from Chin. hu-p`o, see L 976, Rozycki 111) > Man. quwa. face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)agyl face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"rod face="Times New Roman Star"ïðóò face="Times New Roman Star"qag|yl (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qag|yl (MK , KB ) 'fresh willow shoots' face="Times New Roman Star"xa:l face="Times New Roman Star"ko:la- 'áóéíî ðàñòè (î ðàñò.) â óùåðá ïëîäó, ñåìåíè' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 220, EDT 610.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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